I’ve tried to put forth what I think is the standard “only God is responsible for the Bible” view reflected in the Westminster addendum quotation (the theopneustos, not anthropopneustos one reproduced in two posts already). I’ve noted a few questions in the course of this as well. I may not be getting it right, but here goes:
God’s Role |
Man’s Role |
1. God chose the words the human authors recalled and made up in the synoptic gospels. (We must say “made up” since speakers in these narratives said only one thing in real time, thereby requiring that much (most?) of the dialogue to be un-original). God therefore chose these un-original words and varied those un-original words. | 1. Humans chose the un-original words God wanted them to choose, “as if God was choosing them Himself. This raises certain questions: (1) whether the writers had any choice in the matter; it doesn’t seem as though they could, since the result must be and was God’s choice; (2) how is this different than dictation? We can’t appeal to differences in the synoptics as proof against dictation, because God has to choose all the words and he can (and did) vary the words. Why he did so remains a mystery to some extent. |
2. God directed the NT writers to alter the words He chose for certain OT writers to write when God wrote the NT through men (ditto for NT author’s use of translations). Why God did this is a mystery. Were the original words not sufficient for the purpose to which God knew (in omniscience) that they would be used in the NT later on? Was there a need for God to respond to something and thus change some wordings? | 2. Ditto the above – how is this different than dictation? What is gained by saying humans didn’t make these choices themselves under a broad providential perspective (i.e., why must it be said that God made the choices? What is gained by that view?). |
3.God directed writers to build arguments or polemic material using pagan literature. This was deemed an effective mode of communication to accomplish the divine purpose. | 3.Ditto the above. |
4.God directed the Chronicler to be biased (highly selective to advance a specific agenda) by choosing to exclude certain negative material about David and Solomon in his material. | 4.Ditto the above. |
5.God directed the authors of Scripture to at times advance arguments or theological points using the pre-scientific (non-scientific) worldview of the authors. God did not choose to correct pre-scientific ideas to do this. At other times, this worldview comes through in material that doesn’t have any deliberate polemic purpose or theological point (it’s just there), but that is God’s choice. | 5.Ditto the above. |
6.God directed the human authors to utilize literary conventions common to the rest of the literate world of antiquity – covenant / treaty formulas, genealogies, genres, apocalyptic, etc. | 6. Ditto the above. |
7.God directed the human authors to use certain points of divinatory magic (e.g., the test for adultery in Num. 5:11-22) or astral religion / prophecy (e.g., Ezekiel 1 – faces of the cherubim are the four cardinal points of the Babylonian zodiac; cf. Block’s commentary here) to make certain laws or theological points. | 7. Ditto the above. |
I think we can all accept the idea of God making sure the results were what he wanted, but may disagree on the extent of God’s oversight. I think the fundamental difference I’d have with the lefthand column is that I’d allow real human freedom in making the word choices and literary features, etc. (that sort of thing). I’d still like  my “ditto” questions answered, since we can’t have humans getting any credit for any of the content in the Westminsterian view – which of course means that humans shouldn’t get any blame for when the received content is discussed when we drift into INERRANCY. God either put each word into place ALONE or he didn’t – you can’t have God acting “mostly alone” or “alone but with someone else doing it.
Now an important point: I’m hoping readers see how the above table as it is really only deals with INSPIRATION and not INERRANCY. The former is fairly easy (“God did it this way” – and one would wonder why mode is so mysterious in this view; it seems a mystery only if you desire to keep humans from getting any credit or making any choices that weren’t already chosen). At any rate, now that we “know” what God did, how do we assess the truth or veracity of the content (INERRANCY)? This is really where I intended the discussion to focus when I started it. We have drifted a bit into inspiration and away from inerrancy, but not without good reason. How should we articulate the realia going on in the text as to its “truth status”? I agree with the Chicago Statement (and have said so in past posts; paraphrasing here) – that it’s wrong to judge the content by standards unintended by the purpose of inspiration, so how do we tackle this in a statement or series of statements?
Looks like we’re back to weasel-words like “affirm” – or, better, my previous post pulling out some of the blog’s more important (in my view) ideas that (I hope) can help in this area.
For me, my mind right now wants to start with “what was the point of the exercise (of inspiration)?” But feel free to pick up another item from the list in the last post, or continue here with my questions in the table. I could live without getting an explanation as to how the lefthand column view is NOT dictation, since I’d give the author’s more freedom (but then they get some credit for making choices – which would seem to be anthropopneustos, or whatever that word was). Maybe there’s a way to give them more freedom and not have them get undue credit.
Please, chime in! I need some wordsmiths and thinkers! None of this is designed to provoke. Where else am I supposed to go but to readers who share the same interest in the questions? Short of inviting you all over for burgers, this is what I can do.
Dr. Heiser,
The problem you have with inerrancy is the same problem that you have with soteriology and anthropology. God is TOTALLY Sovereign, yet man still has free agency (anthropology). Salvation is 100% from God, yet man still is held responsible to repent and believe; even harder to fathom–Faith is the condition for salvation, yet faith is a gift/spiritual blessing from God (soteriology). So, these paradoxes stem from the very same root that the inerrancy/inspiration issue does. The words of Scripture are 100% from God, yet he used man’s free agency (God-given) and faith (God-given) and personality (God-given) and writing styles (God-given) to bring them to fruition. Why not just let the paradox stand? And if you do let them stand, then why not restrict our definitions upon these statements:
We affirm that words of Scripture are 100% inspired from God and therefore inerrant.
We deny that any human agent could detract from the inerrancy of Scripture.
We affirm that God used human agents to produce his special revelation.
We deny that God infringed upon any human agent’s free agency at any time during the process of inscripturation.
We affirm that God used his human free agents to produce his scriptures in such a way that the scriptures preserve the writing styles, biases, and worldviews of its authors, so that the Bible is able to be studied in the same way as any literary document. (Do you think that God preserves their fallibilities also?)
We deny that by God using his human free agents to produce his scriptures in such a way that the scriptures preserve the writing styles, biases, and worldviews of its authors takes away from its infalliblity in any way. (A really good question is–Does this mean that God did not preserve the author’s falliblities?)
Just thinking out loud.
Grace be with you,
Chris
Chris _ I don’t know how else to say this, but you have a habit or writing things back to me that I wouldn’t disagree with and not advancing the discussion (that is, not contributing anything toward answering the questions in a thoughtful way). In this offering, about 90% of it I already believe, and since you’re the only one doing this you must be the only one not detecting the fact that I already believe those things. The other 10% merely repeats questions I have and offers no solution to ponder. I’m thinking (and even fearing now) that I’m not doing a good job of expressing what I feel uncomfortable about when it comes to how we articulate inerrancy.
Like Chris, I’m just thinking out loud here, too.
Not to keep applying corporal motivation to a living-challenged horse but a Witness and Authority view of scripture helps with the God/Man production conundrum pretty well. I won’t say “solves”, but sheds light on.
The fundamental problem is worldview. Its difficult for us in these thorohgly humanist times to imagine how an absolute monarchy functions. The only authority we recognize is ourselves. On good days we submit to our own reason. Most other days we just follow after our passions. (Not that this is a new problem. SEe for example Romans 6.)
The crux of the issue for me is when Michael writes “I guess the better question is, Why is any of this a problem? God uses people (surprise) to do his work and will.” But why use people at all? Like Michael says, if God wanted to create the written artifacts of scripture himself, he could have. He did on at least two occasions: the Ten Commandments and the handwriting on the wall in Daniel.
God is the king so he is the ultimate authority. He appoints certain ministers (in the courtly sense not the pastoral sense) to act on his behalf with full authority to speak for him. When the prophets and biblical writers speak FOR God, they speak AS God because they have been invested with the authority to do so. The words of Scripture are God’s not because God subverts or supplants the conscience or consciousness of the messenger but rather in a much more mundane way: because he sent the messenger, told him what to say, and authorized him to say it. To the extent that the messengers faithfully execute their mission (with the Holy Spirit as guide), their work is God-breathed. (Ivan’s comment about ecstatic utterance notwithstanding.) Scripture is initiated by God, carried out in his name and under his authority, and for all practical purposes as if he said it himself.
In the ancient worldview any ministers who legitimately act in the king’s name ARE the king **for all practical purposes**. For example, look at how Nehemiah arrives in Jerusalem, especially Nehemiah 2:7-9. I’m sure Nehemiah was a great guy and a capable leader, but that’s not why the people of Jerusalem listened to him. They listened because he showed up with the authority of the king, complete with letters (!) and a small army (!!). Disobey Nehemiah and you’re disobeying the king. When Nehemiah speaks, he is not speaking AS the king, but FOR the king.
What is interesting for the purposes of this discussion is that an “authorized messenger” model/analogy of scripture allows for the servant to obscure or embellish part of the message as the situation demands, so long as the master’s authority is not subverted or his desires misrepresented. In fact it would be expected. The king sends a messenger because he is not disposed to come himself. Why the king is indisposed is nobody’s business but his own. All we know is that the king sends the messenger who he expects to act on his behalf.
The messenger has two charges, equally weighty. First, to report everything he is supposed to say and only that. See the Baalam story in Numbers 22-23. See Jesus’s testimony for himself in John 5-7. See Isaiah 55, especially Isaiah 55:11. Second, to accomplish his master’s ends. Those two goals are sometimes in tension, and a good messenger will reconcile their demands in such a way that his master’s will is best carried out.
Look at how the servant acts on Abraham’s behalf in Genesis 24. Note how he consciously subtly shapes the message and wends his way between the truth and the whole truth (as Shimon Bar Efrat puts it, Narrative Art in the Bible) in order to accomplish the errand on which he was sent. There is an archetype at work here: First the master has a desire to accomplish something. Then he calls his servant to him. A negotiation (!) ensues where the master explains the charge. The servant clarifies his mandate and reminds the master of his own limitations in the process. The master overcomes the objections is given tokens that prove the authenticity of his proxy authority so that his witness will be received. (Abraham gvies ringlest of gold in Genesis 24. Nehemiah gets letters. When God sends his messengers he gives them the power to perform signs and miracles or predict future events — or he doesn’t depending on his mood.)
The servant then goes and performs his charge **by whatever means are at his disposal**. That’s the key point for this discussion. When the servant is in danger of failing his mission he must improvise. If the servant is faithful and true then he performs his charge without misrepresenting the master’s wishes, abusing his authority, or besmirching his reputation. The antitypes are the wicked messenger who refuses his charge (Jonah) or misrepresents the master (false prophet), the misguided messenger who gets distracted along the way (see the curious story of the man of God from Judah in 1 Kings 13). I haven’t done a comprehensive study but I’m sure there are more.
Look carefully at Exodus 3 and you can see all the elements. Look at Isaiah 6. Jeremiah 1. Ezekiel 2-3 (though Ezekiel doesn’t talk back). Then look and see how all these conventions are turned on their ear with Christ. He is not called, he is heralded. He is given authority from the father, but not as servant, but son. But the apostolic call stories especially to Peter and Paul, follow the archetype to some extent.
Anyway, I just feel like the inerrency debate is unfortunate. Its a good discussion to have but its usually framed in terms that ignore or undermine the Biblical worldview instead of respecting and accomodating it. The ancients thought of scripture as a missive from a distant and majestic god, who sent them his prophets to speak his words and act on his behalf and accomplish his purposes. We moderns think of it as a set of proposions and truth claims that proceed straight from God’s lips to our ears that should be accepted or rejected by lights of our own reason. That’s an unbiblical position as far as I’m concerned.
In the process we either pretend that the messenger doesn’t use free moral agency in performing his charge (by the way using messengers is a form of condescension). When we sometimes see the messengers improvising in ways we don’t approve of (like warping history to press an agenda, or using fallacious arguments, or arguing from “bad” scientific premises, or engaging in midrash/pesher/allegorization, or incorporating pagan mythological language and themes, or whatever), we start having “difficulties” with the text.
We say “God wouldn’t say that!” Maybe or maybe not but he **authorized** someone to say it on his behalf. That makes all the difference.
this is a very complicated subject, at least i think so,
so here goes nothing…
a friend once told me this: “i believe that the “original manuscripts” are the ones that dont have mistakes, but the copies do”.. dont’ know if that answers anything hehe.
what about this, can it be that the only scripture that does not have any mistakes are the verses that have God’s actual words, that is, what he actually said/dictated to the writer? for instance, when he sais to Daniel, write this and that…… but the rest leave out (seal it).. another example would be the 10 commandments that were given to Moses (some say they were given verbally to the patriarchs before Moses), or the words he gave to Ezekiel, or what God told John to write in the Revelation book.
MSH, I’ll take a stab at expressing MY discomfort – maybe it mirrors your own. The Bible makes statements that can be tested – tested against other internal statements, against historical record, against modern science. Some of those statements fail some of those tests. So on some level, the Bible has errors. So in any absolute sense, the Bible is not Inerrant. But as a Faith proposition, we affirm (not in the wiggly weasel sense) that God inspired scripture, and that it contains Truths that we can and should live by. So we have a Precious Baby in Very Dirty Bathwater. Or at least, we affirm that there is a Precious Baby in there somewhere.
I think the commentators on the list have correctly put the Inspirational Stallion before the Inerrancy Chariot here, because if we can’t understand to what extent these words are God’s and what extent they are man’s, we don’t have a good mechanism for assigning Blame when it comes to the Errors. The Westminster statements and the Chicago Statement and so on all fail miserably because they place all the blame on God.
What is needed is not another Inerrancy Statement, but an Errancy Statement.
on a same note as Chet, can the bible just be error-free regarding scripture specific to faith,salvation,profecy?
that can get away with other parts of the bible having human errors, like Paul’s science knowledge and other points previously mentioned by Mike
Sean: Sean: You hit on an important thought, and one that will become central in my next post, where I’ll start laying out in a more positive sense how I’d articulate inspiration an inerrancy, as opposed to saying what I don’t like. Here’s the statement: “The words of Scripture are God’s not because God subverts or supplants the conscience or consciousness of the messenger but rather in a much more mundane way: because he sent the messenger, told him what to say, and authorized him to say it.” Yep. You then follow with, “The servant then goes and performs his charge **by whatever means are at his disposal**. That’s the key point for this discussion.” Agreed again. Finally, let me quote you at length:
“Anyway, I just feel like the inerrency debate is unfortunate. Its a good discussion to have but its usually framed in terms that ignore or undermine the Biblical worldview instead of respecting and accomodating it. The ancients thought of scripture as a missive from a distant and majestic god, who sent them his prophets to speak his words and act on his behalf and accomplish his purposes. We moderns think of it as a set of proposions and truth claims that proceed straight from God’s lips to our ears that should be accepted or rejected by lights of our own reason. That’s an unbiblical position as far as I’m concerned.”
Agreed, and that will become apparent in my next post.
rode: Regarding the manuscripts: no, that doesn’t help. Your question regarding dictation is interesting, in that it is exceedingly RARE to read in Scripture that anything was actually dictated. I’d say easily less than one percent of the actual biblical text is said to be dictated.
Chet: I’d actually disagree with you. I think we need to give the Bible and other such ancient sources a little more benefit of the doubt. Here’s what I mean. I can think of several problem texts in the OT that could be errors. I say *could* be, because I actually don’t KNOW that they are. For example, there is the problem of the identity of Darius the Mede in Daniel and the corresponding non-biblical source material. Yes, Daniel could have an error here, but it may not be an error. I’m sure you know there have been several possible answers to the Darius problem, none of which have won sweeping support. But there was a time when Belshazzar was in the same category, until Raymond Dougherty’s (in)famous Yale monograph on Nabonidus and Belshazzar (about their coregency), which flew in the face of the majority rule, but which answered the problem to the satisfaction of most. With Darius, we could be dealing with another Belshazzar, or more evidence could come along that would support one of the extant theories. We just don’t know. I’m not confident of my own omniscience in such matters. Same goes for something like the Baasha problem. Dillard (a former Westminster seminary prof no less) honestly notes in his (WBC) Chronicles commentary that the proposed solutions really don’t work. Should we call this an error? I could see where some would, but when it comes to something as torturous as OT chronology (chronologies, actually), what with the co-regency nightmare we’re all more aware of in the wake of Thiele’s work, I think it best to keep the jury out. I also tend to view other ancient sources like this. Yes, Herodotus screws up enough to be called the Father of Lies, but a decent number of his “lies” have come back to bite his doubters where the sun doesn’t shine. Before I call something an error, I want convincing evidence that there is no alternative. Until then, I’ll call such things possible errors and side with B.B. Warfield (another Westminster prof) who, though a defender of inerrancy was honest enough to admit (in writing) that it was a doctrine the church really didn’t need.
Lastly, you and readers may be wondering about how I can be so hesitant about calling such historical-textual problems errors, but so accepting of the idea that there are scientific deficiencies in the text. It isn’t complicated in my mind. I think the scientific deficiencies are something we shouldn’t judge the writers for because those are things they could not have known. I think we should be honest about the unscientific nature of certain things the biblical writers say, but those things are there because they must be there, due to knowledge that no one at the time could have possessed. So, my attitude is “give them a pass since they could not possibly have known better.” Historical matters, though, are certainly in the realm of the knowable for the biblical writers. They had the wherewithal to get the facts straight and report them. In our examples above, they may have done just that, even though it doesn’t appear that way, or we are left to scratch our heads. Consequently, my attitude here is “If it can be demonstrated that the biblical author erred in reporting something quite knowable, then that’s an error. No pass.”
rode: This is the “limited inerrancy” view that some on the blog have errantly 🙂 accused me of – perhaps because they need a label for me. My answer to Chet should tell you I’m not warm to that position.
MSH, Bravo! You just made an Errancy Statement! “The Bible gets a pass on historical matters because WE don’t have all the information and the Bible gets a pass on scientific matters because THEY didn’t have all the information.”
But while you said you disagreed with my post, I think you’d have to agree that both your formulation and mine show that verbal plenarists have a problem, because God is supposed to have all the information. It really all does come down to the Inspiration part of the puzzle, because if these are just works of ordinary humans, then we would expect errors based on the limitations of human understanding. But if in some way these are the Words of God, we suddenly have problems to struggle with. I feel like you’re doing this great work of corrective over steer to get everyone thinking about these texts as human creations with human limitations. But if that is all they were, we would never be having a discussion about them being error free. (Is it worth considering what our theology would look like if we kept the doctrine of Inspiration but threw out Inerrancy? If the Bible isn’t perfect, we have epistemological problems (blanky indeed!) – how do we know what we know? Because someone told me? See my other post on the centrality of Witness in Christian experience, which may have sounded a bit flip, but I was making a serious point.)
But the MSH Errancy Statement didn’t touch on internal contradictions? How can they get a pass? Here’s an example that is BOTH an historical issue and an internal contradiction: It was knowable that Herod the Tetrach wasn’t a King, but he is called one in the Bible. Look at Luke’s telling of the beheading of John the Baptist – where Luke is quoting Q, Herod is incorrectly called a King, while when Luke is embellishing on Q, he is correctly called a Tetrach. So there in one book, someone who obviously knew better didn’t correct an obvious error. Does that get a pass just because apparently the author didn’t care enough to get it right? Since the point of the narrative wasn’t to assert anything about Herod’s title it is ok to mangle it? Is this what the weasel-word ‘affirm’ is all about? In any event, it is a historical reality that this particular Herod was a Tetrach, not a King, so it IS in the realm of knowable, so it doesn’t automatically get a pass according to the MSH Errancy Statement. Furthermore, the contradiction shows that it was even a known fact by one of the authors who actually made the mistake. Unless the mistake was introduced by a later redactor/editor…)
I’m actually having a hard time understanding what you disagreed with about my post. Is it that there are NO errors of a historical nature that you don’t think will be exonerated when we get more information, or was it just a matter of degree – the bath water isn’t Quite as muddy as I made it sound?
Of course, even when we run into errors of a historical nature that we can be fairly confident in declaring that they don’t map onto the real world (and thus legitimately muddy the bath water), we could give them a pass if they help the author achieve their purposes. That is, everything is true “for the sake of the argument”, whether or not it is true when mapped onto the real world. Perhaps this is what Ivan was getting at in his early comments. Think of my first example from Judith – we can be reasonably certain that Nebuchadnezzar was King of Babylon, not King of Assyria. But in the time Judith was written, the invading foreign power was coming from the direction of Assyria, so it served a literary function to bend the facts. If that gets a pass because it isn’t a error in the sense of a mistake (it is deliberate) and it isn’t exactly a lie (it is a literary conceit used for rhetorical effect), then maybe EVERY historical error gets a pass because things are only true “for the sake of the argument”, and we don’t need to try to believe everything the Bible says can or should be mapped onto the real world. So the Bible can be factually wrong and still True. Or at least the argument is true. Now we’re back to that weasel Affirm. Up with Affirm!
@Chet Silvermonte: It’s hard to make an errancy statement without asserting that there are errors in the Bible — but somehow you’ve managed to say that’s possible and then accuse me of it! 🙂 I think my distinction is coherent, and you haven’t demonstrated otherwise. I’ve also come around to agree with you about the focal point being inspiration; didn’t think that when I started this. Hence my new post. Now on to your examples.
Luke and the King/Tetrarch
Well, you begin by assuming the validity of Q, which of course is little more than an assumption. Personally, I like my ancient texts to exist in real time, thank you. But, I’m not sure that helps or hurts your case, though. Luke refers to Herod as a tetrarch in 3:1, 19 for example, and as king (βασιλεύς) in 1:5. I presume these are the references you speak of. So, for your contradiction and error to have weight, you’d have to establish that βασιλεύς cannot be used or in reference to any other ruler than one who bore the title “king.” If we find references to some authority who never “wore a crown” as a political reality, then your argument, it seems to me, disappears. I’m actually surprised at this choice of “error” for that reason — the above isn’t hard to demonstrate in the lexicons. LSJ tells us that the word is “title of magistrates in other Greek states” and is used “of any great man”; and men ” first or most distinguished of any class.” I just don’t see this as a serious problem. Luke calls him, in effect, a ruler or man of high political estate (βασιλεύς) and the more precise title, Tetrarch. So what? And by your logic I guess it’s an error to call Jesus “king” of the Jews when he was never actually crowned and never held the office. He was just the Messiah.
You make a reference to your argument from Judith, but I didn’t actually see it.
In my world, Q is just shorthand for “stuff in Matthew and Luke but not in Mark”. And as such, it is an identifiable set of material and we can talk about it. If the Eusebian Canon tables were more precise, I could refer to Canon Five instead of Q to make you more comfortable. I don’t care what exactly Q is (one source, many sources, Matthean in origin, anonymous in origin, all/some of the above).
Ok, fine. Basileus has a wide semantic range. But it is an abuse of the lexicon to just find the obscure usage that fits your argument and then cry “aha!” Sure, sure, some outlying Greek states had a minor magistrate that bore the title Basileus that was not a crowned king, but in that case Basileus was his title. Herod HAD a title. Tetrarch. So to claim for him the title of an obscure magistrate from an outlying state to prove your point is rather odd. Likewise, in the LSJ example for first of a class, the example shows WHAT class the person is first of. Are you suggesting that Herod was the best at being Herod? The First Herod, as it were? And if that were the case, wouldn’t the name Herod have to be in the genitive case when it follows Basileus? It would to match the LSJ example. I’m not discounting your point. But I think you’d still have to show (by reading Josephus or other contemporary authors) that it is ok to call the Tetrach of Judea a Basileus.
Furthermore, before there was Herod the Tetrach, Judea HAD a King Herod (Herod the Great). So on the one hand, some people may have referred to King Herod’s successor as “King Herod” out of habit, while the more politically educated/astute would be aware of the distinction that the new Herod was definitely not a Basileus. And you can (perhaps) see evidence of that in the strains of Luke’s gospel without appealing to more obscure usages of the word.
Furthermore, the Bible does say that Christ is crowned (Hebrews 2:7, Revelation 14:14, and many other references, besides the obvious crown of thorns). And I rather think calling Christ “king” is a reference to his extreme sovereignty, rather than relegating him to the status of “first of his class” or “a minor dignitary”. You don’t have to appeal to strange definitions of Basileus to explain its reference to Christ. But I know you know I know that.
What intriged me about the Tetrach example was that it was a contradiction internal to a single book (indeed a single pericope), rather than the typical contradiction-across-books examples that are so easy to find. That’s the only reason I chose it.
But if you’d like a harder one, one that is clearly based on historical events, so you are not inclined to give it a pass, read on:
In 2 Kings 9:27, Jehu shoots Ahaziah, who then escapes, but dies of his wounds at Megiddo. In 2 Chronicles 22:9, Ahaziah is captured in Samaria and taken to Jehu, who executes him.
What does the Inerrantist do with this? We could throw Chronicles out of the canon… That would solve lots of problems. Worked for the Apocrypha.
The argument from Judith was in my very first comment on June 18th to your June 14th post, but I essentially repeat the pertinent part of the argument in my last comment, so you shouldn’t have to dig for it to respond.
@Chet Silvermonte: A few quick thoughts. FIrst, it isn’t an abuse of the lexicon to suggest that, since other writers who used the word could have meant X when they used it the biblical author could have meant X. Are you prepared to demonstrate that Luke could NOT have meant X? When I come across difficulties, I want to know what the range of options are. I can’t call this an error since I can’t know with ANY certainty that Luke didn’t mean X by his use of the term, as other writers did. I think this is actually a weak example for contending there are errors in the NT because you can’t demonstrate what *wasn’t* in Luke’s mind when he wrote this. The second example is better. I’ll respond to that in a bit.
@Chet Silvermonte: Chet, you’ve earned a post with the Ahaziah question – check it out!
I understand the God and man role of inspiration like I understand the following verses. It is not real deep but it woks for me. Ken
1 Co 15:10-11
10 But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace toward me was not in vain; but I labored more abundantly than they all, yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.
NKJV
Gal 2:20
I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me:
KJV
The doctrine or perspecuity is something of a contrivance (the term means “clarity” for those to whom it is unfamiliar). Clarity to whom? Equal clarity in all parts? Clarity to original readers or readers two millennia removed? Clarity only in the core doctrinal areas? (why didn’t that work until Nicea for Christology?!) Why do folks who adopt reformed views of one doctrine (say, justification) disagree on others (Lord’s Supper)? I could go on and on.
The reality is that we aren’t the writers, they weren’t us, and there will be serious gaps for clarity in any given passage. To escape this truth, many invent the idea that “it’s all about Jesus.” Sorry, but menstrual laws and laws about seminal emissions aren’t about Jesus. Not everything in Scripture is messianic in orientation. And we are NOT free to run wild with typology to escape doing exegesis against the backdrop of the material’s original context. Types are legitimate when the NT writers strike them, not when reformed thinkers and pastors strike them. The “everything is about Jesus” idea makes God’s choice of when to prompt someone to write something sort of silly (why didn’t God pick a better time and place so we’d have greater perspecuity? Why didn’t God prompt NT writers to strike more analogies between Jesus and the OT so we’d see HOW everything “points to Jesus”?) The thinking behind this idea is poor. It’s also lazy.
On the first question, scholars will understand more of the Bible than non-scholars, and they will understand certain items in the Bible more accurately or with more precision.. But neither of those means that the non-scholar can’t understand the Bible. (And no one understands the whole Bible). So this depends on just what you’re asking about. There’s plenty in Scripture that any reasonably careful reader can understand well. And in our day and age, there’s no need to go out and get degrees to understand more. You just need to know where to find information (and learning biblical languages helps). I didn’t know more than a half dozen Bible character names when I became a Christian in high school. I had to learn like anyone else (and was way behind).
The doctrine or perspecuity is something of a contrivance (the term means “clarity” for those to whom it is unfamiliar). Clarity to whom? Equal clarity in all parts? Clarity to original readers or readers two millennia removed? Clarity only in the core doctrinal areas? (why didn’t that work until Nicea for Christology?!) Why do folks who adopt reformed views of one doctrine (say, justification) disagree on others (Lord’s Supper)? I could go on and on.
The reality is that we aren’t the writers, they weren’t us, and there will be serious gaps for clarity in any given passage. To escape this truth, many invent the idea that “it’s all about Jesus.” Sorry, but menstrual laws and laws about seminal emissions aren’t about Jesus. Not everything in Scripture is messianic in orientation. And we are NOT free to run wild with typology to escape doing exegesis against the backdrop of the material’s original context. Types are legitimate when the NT writers strike them, not when reformed thinkers and pastors strike them. The “everything is about Jesus” idea makes God’s choice of when to prompt someone to write something sort of silly (why didn’t God pick a better time and place so we’d have greater perspecuity? Why didn’t God prompt NT writers to strike more analogies between Jesus and the OT so we’d see HOW everything “points to Jesus”?) The thinking behind this idea is poor. It’s also lazy.
On the first question, scholars will understand more of the Bible than non-scholars, and they will understand certain items in the Bible more accurately or with more precision.. But neither of those means that the non-scholar can’t understand the Bible. (And no one understands the whole Bible). So this depends on just what you’re asking about. There’s plenty in Scripture that any reasonably careful reader can understand well. And in our day and age, there’s no need to go out and get degrees to understand more. You just need to know where to find information (and learning biblical languages helps). I didn’t know more than a half dozen Bible character names when I became a Christian in high school. I had to learn like anyone else (and was way behind).