In past years, those who follow the Naked Bible blog have asked about obtaining recordings of ETS sessions. Here is the link to the few hundred papers given at ETS that are now available at WordMP3.com. MP3s can be purchased individually or as a package.
Recordings of ETS Papers from 2016 Conference
1) Got any recommendations for laymen from the list?
2) Is Isaiah 26:13-14 discussing other Elohim?
The list is far too long to go through and mark up.
Isa 26:13 is talking about both the human dead (metim, v. 14) and the rephaim (v. 14 also). In the sense that both are disembodied, they’d both/all be elohim (cf. 1 Sam 28:13). Remember, all the term means is “disembodied spiritual being” — it’s an umbrella term.
That’s a great site for ETS papers (including past years).
They have some sales where, for example, you can get access to the entire site for about 20 bucks a month. No downloads but you can stream anything.
Elym means Ram (as in the animal that is similar to a lamb or a goat)
but sometimes,
Elym seems to mean a divine spirit being like an angel or heavenly
being. How do we reconcile the RAM interpretation of Exodus 36:19 ? In
the following verses it is translated as i) “the mighty” in Job 41:25,
ii) “Gods” in Daniel 11:36, iii) “heavenly beings” in Psalms 89:06, iv)
“heavenly beings” in Psalms 29:1
אַ֫יִל means ram – not the same lemma as the deity term, so you are confusing two similar-looking words. Here is the initial part of the entry from concise HALOT (hope the Hebrew comes through):
I אַיִל, אָֽיִל; cs. אֵיל, Ez 31:11 (some mss.) & 40:48 אֵל; pl. אֵילִים, אֵלִים Jb 41:17, אֵלִים
William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 12.
There are also two homographs for this term:
II *אַיִל: pl. אַילִים Is 1:29 אֵלִים 57:5, cs. אֵלֵי/אֵילֵי 61:3: mighty tree (not a specific kind of tree), cf. I אֵלָה, Is 1:29;—metaph. ʾêlê haṣṣedeq Is 61:3.
III אַיִל: = II?: cs. אַיל, אַל Ez 40:48; pl. אֵלִים, sf. אַילָיו Qr, Kt א(י)לו Ez 40:9, 37,? אֵלֵיהֵמָה: archit. tech. term, gate-post, door-post 1 K 6:31 (oth. otherw.).
William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 12.
Here’s the deity term (first few lines of the long entry; note the spelling difference — those who can read Hebrew, presuming the Hebrew shows correctly, and that this term also has homographs — this is “el 5/V” in the lexicon):
V אֵל: sf. אֵלִי (11 ×); pl. אֵלִים Ex 15:11 אֵלִם: very old Semitic term for deity, often appearing in compounds with proper names (אֱלֹהִים does not make compounds) …
William Lee Holladay and Ludwig Köhler, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 15.
A homograph is a word that is spelled exactly the same as another word, but which is an entirely different word. All languages have them.
Thank you Dr. Heiser; So it seems then, that the Masoretic text has a typo in Exodus 36:19 or maybe the typo only occurs in the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (I wouldn’t put it past those Germans…LOL). In that verse, all the English translations have Rams. The BHS has אֵלִים but the BHS should probably have it as אֵילם in Exod 36:19. I bet the Dead Sea Scrolls have it as אֵילם in Exodus 36:19. Thanks, Dan
It’s not a typo, just a different lemma. Exod 36:19 has not survived in the biblical scrolls from Qumran. Very few verses from Exod 36 are present in the DSS.